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The role of aluminum sulfate in water treatment
Release time：
2021-11-12
Aluminum sulfate is an important agent in water treatment, mainly purifying water quality by flocculation. The specific effects and principles are as follows:
I. Core function: flocculation and precipitation, water purification
1. Removal of suspended matter and colloidal impurities
Suspended matter (such as mud and sand, algae) and colloidal particles (such as humus, bacteria) in water usually carry negative charges, repelling each other and stably dispersing, making it difficult to naturally precipitate. Aluminum sulfate dissolves in water and dissociates into aluminum ions (Al³⁺). Aluminum ions hydrolyze in water to generate aluminum hydroxide colloid (Al(OH)₃). Aluminum hydroxide colloid carries a positive charge and can neutralize the negatively charged suspended matter and colloidal particles, eliminating their repulsive force, causing them to aggregate into larger flocculent substances (alum flowers), and finally removing them through precipitation or filtration.
2. Reduce turbidity and chroma in water
Suspended matter and colloids are the main causes of water turbidity and chroma. Through flocculation and precipitation, aluminum sulfate can effectively reduce water turbidity (such as turbid substances in river water and industrial wastewater) and chroma (such as organic pigments in dyeing wastewater and domestic sewage), making the water quality clearer.
3. Assist in removing organic matter and heavy metals
Organic matter: The huge surface area of aluminum hydroxide colloid has an adsorption effect, which can adsorb organic matter in water (such as surfactants, pesticide residues), making it precipitate with flocculent substances.
Heavy metals: For wastewater containing heavy metal ions (such as lead, cadmium, mercury), the flocculent substances generated by the hydrolysis of aluminum sulfate can combine with heavy metal ions to form insoluble compounds, or remove them through adsorption, reducing the concentration of heavy metals in water.
II. Specific applications in different water treatment scenarios
1. Drinking water treatment
Purification of natural water sources: In waterworks, aluminum sulfate is added to the raw water as a flocculant to remove impurities such as mud, sand, algae, and bacteria, so that the water quality meets drinking water standards.
Control water taste and color: Adsorb substances such as humus that cause color and taste in water to improve the sensory properties of drinking water.
2. Industrial wastewater treatment
Chemical wastewater: Remove organic matter, suspended matter, and some heavy metal ions from wastewater, reduce pollutant concentration, and make it meet the standard for discharge.
Dyeing wastewater: Adsorb dye particles and organic pollutants to reduce the chroma and COD (chemical oxygen demand) of wastewater.
Metallurgical wastewater: Remove heavy metal ions (such as iron, copper, zinc) and suspended solids from wastewater to achieve wastewater reuse or meet discharge standards.
3. Domestic sewage treatment
Pretreatment stage: Before domestic sewage enters the biological treatment system, adding aluminum sulfate can preliminarily remove suspended matter and some organic matter, reducing the subsequent treatment load.
Deep treatment: Used in wastewater reuse treatment to further reduce turbidity and pollutant content, so that the effluent meets the water reuse standards (such as greening, toilet flushing, etc.).
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